See -en- on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-in-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/-in-"
],
[
"*-in-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/-in-"
],
[
"-in-",
"-in-#Tagalog"
],
[
"di-",
"di-#Indonesian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "blj",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*-in-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "blj",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*-in-",
"4": "",
"5": "verb perfective infix for object focus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *-in- (“verb perfective infix for object focus”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "-in-"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog -in-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "di-"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian di-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in- (“verb perfective infix for object focus”). Cognate with Tagalog -in- and Indonesian di-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "blj",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-en-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulungan",
"lang_code": "blj",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulungan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulungan infixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
1,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
5
],
[
9,
11
]
],
"english": "to be eaten",
"text": "kenuman",
"translation": "to be eaten",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form passive voice or \"patient focus\" (in some analyses) on a verb."
],
"id": "en--en--blj-infix-nRItdlpR",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
}
],
"word": "-en-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-en-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch interfixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "paard (“horse”) + -en- + kracht (“power”) → paardenkracht (“horsepower”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tulp (“tulip”) + -en- + bol (“bulb”) → tulpenbol (“tulip bulb”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitival interfix indicating that the former element is a characteristic of the latter; sometimes connotes countability or plurality"
],
"id": "en--en--nl-interfix-E1nl-4qb",
"related": [
{
"word": "-e-"
},
{
"word": "-s-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
}
],
"word": "-en-"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"-en",
"-en#German"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#Middle_High_German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -en",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From -en, Middle High German -en.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-en-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-n-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German interfixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Mensch + -en- + Welt → Menschenwelt (“human world”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Frau + -en- + Versammlung → Frauenversammlung (“women's assembly, assembly of women”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -n-"
],
"id": "en--en--de-interfix-iq0K2rRv",
"links": [
[
"-n-",
"-n-#German"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-en"
},
{
"word": "-s-"
},
{
"word": "-es-"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en-"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"prüsenĕ",
"prüsenĕ#Polabian"
],
[
"*prosenъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/prosenъ"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "d",
"3": "D"
},
"expansion": "D",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "Derived"
},
"expansion": "Derived",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-en-",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-en-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-en-"
},
"expansion": "Derived from Proto-Slavic *-en-",
"name": "der+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*prosenъ",
"3": "*prosenъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *prosenъ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from Proto-Slavic *-en-. Compare prüsenĕ from Proto-Slavic *prosenъ.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polabian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polabian links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ai̯tă + -en- → ai̯tenă"
},
{
"text": "komåi̯ + -en- → kominenă"
},
{
"text": "lüi̯ + -en- → lüjenă"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms adjectives from nouns"
],
"id": "en--en--pox-suffix-otUQkG3M",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-n-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en-"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"-en",
"-en#Romani"
]
],
"etymology_text": "See -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ěn-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-en-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romani",
"lang_code": "rom",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romani entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romani interfixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the oblique plural stem of oikoclitic nouns"
],
"id": "en--en--rom-interfix-fILT5Gtz",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en-"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-in-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/-in-"
],
[
"*-in-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/-in-"
],
[
"-in-",
"-in-#Tagalog"
],
[
"di-",
"di-#Indonesian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "blj",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*-in-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "blj",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*-in-",
"4": "",
"5": "verb perfective infix for object focus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *-in- (“verb perfective infix for object focus”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "-in-"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog -in-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "di-"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian di-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in- (“verb perfective infix for object focus”). Cognate with Tagalog -in- and Indonesian di-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "blj",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-en-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulungan",
"lang_code": "blj",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bulungan entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulungan infixes",
"Bulungan lemmas",
"Bulungan terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Bulungan terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Bulungan terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Bulungan terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Bulungan terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
1,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
5
],
[
9,
11
]
],
"english": "to be eaten",
"text": "kenuman",
"translation": "to be eaten",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form passive voice or \"patient focus\" (in some analyses) on a verb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ən/"
}
],
"word": "-en-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-en-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "interfix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-e-"
},
{
"word": "-s-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch interfixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "paard (“horse”) + -en- + kracht (“power”) → paardenkracht (“horsepower”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tulp (“tulip”) + -en- + bol (“bulb”) → tulpenbol (“tulip bulb”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitival interfix indicating that the former element is a characteristic of the latter; sometimes connotes countability or plurality"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə(n)/"
}
],
"word": "-en-"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"-en",
"-en#German"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#Middle_High_German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -en",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From -en, Middle High German -en.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-en-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "interfix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-en"
},
{
"word": "-s-"
},
{
"word": "-es-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-n-"
}
],
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German interfixes",
"German lemmas",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Mensch + -en- + Welt → Menschenwelt (“human world”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Frau + -en- + Versammlung → Frauenversammlung (“women's assembly, assembly of women”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -n-"
],
"links": [
[
"-n-",
"-n-#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en-"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"prüsenĕ",
"prüsenĕ#Polabian"
],
[
"*prosenъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/prosenъ"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "d",
"3": "D"
},
"expansion": "D",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "Derived"
},
"expansion": "Derived",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-en-",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-en-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-en-"
},
"expansion": "Derived from Proto-Slavic *-en-",
"name": "der+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*prosenъ",
"3": "*prosenъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *prosenъ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from Proto-Slavic *-en-. Compare prüsenĕ from Proto-Slavic *prosenъ.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polabian entries with incorrect language header",
"Polabian lemmas",
"Polabian links with redundant target parameters",
"Polabian suffixes",
"Polabian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic links with redundant target parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ai̯tă + -en- → ai̯tenă"
},
{
"text": "komåi̯ + -en- → kominenă"
},
{
"text": "lüi̯ + -en- → lüjenă"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms adjectives from nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-n-"
}
],
"word": "-en-"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"-en",
"-en#Romani"
]
],
"etymology_text": "See -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ěn-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-en-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romani",
"lang_code": "rom",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romani entries with incorrect language header",
"Romani interfixes",
"Romani lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the oblique plural stem of oikoclitic nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -en- meaning in All languages combined (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.